Philosophy is the critical exploration of complex questions relevant to the human condition. Since no topic is off-limits from the insight offered by philosophical inquiry, students trained in the art of rational argument are better prepared to tackle difficult and controversial issues that we encounter in private and public spheres alike. The benefits of studying philosophy are many. Philosophy teaches the habit of thinking and communicating through reasoned argument. This is a transferable skill: it is valued by employers, and, more importantly, the cornerstone for living a fulfilling life.
The philosophy minor at BHSU offers small class sizes, faculty affiliated with a range of intellectual backgrounds, and course topics relevant to students’ experiences.
Philosophy can apply to a range of vocations. Well known students of philosophy include: George Carlin and Steven Martin (comedy), George Soros and Carly Fiorina (business), Phil Jackson and John Elway (sports), Pearl Buck and T.S. Eliot (literature), Bill Clinton and Hon. Stephen Breyer (politics and law), and Martin Luther King, Jr., and Elie Wiesel (social activism).
3 take one of the following POLS 263 Intro to Political Theory POLS 470 Contemporary Debates in Political Thought POLS 471 Theories of the State
3 take one of the following AIS 460 American Indian Philosophy PHIL 492 Topics in Philosophy PSYC 348 Psychology of Religion SPCM 466 Principles of Rhetoric
*Current students, please refer to the DegreeWorks Dashboard in MyBHSU to confirm your minor requirements.
This course is an exercise in questioning: Do I exist? If so, who or what am I? Does personal identity exist? What is reality? What is truth? Is knowledge concrete or merely a construction? What does it mean to live a good life? Does freedom truly exist? Who or what exerts power over the individual? In this course, we will contend with big questions of truth, existence, experience, and reality by analyzing and responding to the ideas influential philosophers have offered over the years. These questions are ones with many answers, so be prepared to approach discussions with an open mind and a tolerance for ambiguity. Discussions are places and spaces for us to work through ideas; you are encouraged (and welcome) to change your stance as our discussions and readings progress.
This course is focused on answering big political questions, including: Does justice exist or is the meaning of justice merely dictated to us by the powerful? What rights do we have and how are these rights in tension with one another? How much liberty must we forsake for security? Is democracy really the best political regime? Has capitalism and Modernity delivered all that it promised? To answer these questions, we will survey the development of normative and political concepts in Western thought. Our journey will begin by examining the ancient thinker Plato and his discussion of Socratic justice. Next, we will look at Machiavelli and his challenge to traditional notions of morality. Then, we will trace other paradigmatic shifts in political ideas as they surfaced during the Enlightenment, as evidenced in the writings of social contract theorists Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. Our journey will also explore Madison’s thesis of factions, Mill’s understanding of free speech, and Smith’s defense of the free market. Finally, we shall investigate power and inequality from the perspective of 19th and 20th century thinkers like Marx, Dubois, and Friedan.
POLS 470 Contemporary Debates in Political Thought
Is America polarizing in dangerous ways? In this upper-level course, we will attempt to answer this question by examining a range of topics, including questions relating to rights, diversity, inequality, community, patriotism, and globalism. However, our investigation will be centered on three major themes: Speech in the Digital Age. What are the benefits and costs of free speech? Have these been fundamentally altered by the internet, social media, or fake news? What should the speech policy be on college campuses? Multiculturalism. What are multiculturalism’s intellectual origins? What do proponents and critics say about it? What is the relationship between tolerance and multiculturalism? What can politically unify a multicultural America? Nationalist Populism. How is nationalist populism different from other forms of populism? Is nationalist populism a response to globalization and economics? Is it the product of demagoguery, racism, and bigotry? Or is it a reaction to nihilism and the emptiness of the modern world?
This course approaches the study of religious behaviors, attitudes, and experiences from two epistemological perspectives: philosophical psychology and empirical psychology. The course does not stake any metaphysical claim as far as the existence or non-existence of a supernatural being is concerned and is not focused, to any great extent, on institutional religion. We are interested in understanding the personal experiences of individuals as they encounter the “holy” in their lives. Why do an increasing number of people describe themselves as being spiritual but not religious? Even though science and technology have provided answers to many of our daily concerns and the resulting medical advances have alleviated much suffering, why is it that many people don’t seem to find this knowledge to be sufficient to answer ultimate questions about life and death? The course involves the reading and discussion of original works from four major philosophical psychology voices and their respective perspectives on religion, including William James, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Viktor Frankl. The focus then shifts to an empirical psychology examination of the biological contributions, including the evolutionary, genetic, neurophysiological, and neurochemical, to current knowledge about religious/spiritual behaviors, attitudes, and experiences. The psychological research on religious development, conversion, and extraordinary experiences is examined. As an example of an application of the psychology of religion to current problems, its contributions to understanding terrorism is discussed.
